Specifically, students will explore advocacy efforts by civil rights organizations and political parties to obtain and enforce civil and political rights for Blacks. The course will cover topics such as the Reconstruction era, the politics of the civil rights movement, Black presidential campaigns, and racialized voting in federal and state elections. The course will also pay special attention to the historic election of the nation's first African American president, Barack Obama and the first African American and woman vice president, Kamala Harris. Finally, we We focus on whether the growing number of minorities in Congress increases citizens' trust in government and their involvement in voting and participation in political organizations.